a-A small amount of water in which a najis substance has fallen

Be it an adjacent or dissolving (non-bordering) substance.

This water becomes najis by mere contact with najasa even if its attributes have not changed.

It does not matter whether the najis substance is inexcusable or excusable in prayer only.

The evidence for this is the Prophet's (P. B. U. H) hadith which is narrated by Ibn Umar I(G. p. H):

"If (the amount of) water is two qillas (195. 112 liters, or more) it will not retain najasa".

[Al-Tirmithi, Vol. 1, The Books of Purification, Chapter 50/67].

Hence, if the amount of water is less than that it will become najis (Liquids other than water, and other wet substances, will become najis as soon as it comes into contact with the najasa, whether or not the amount of such liquid is more than two qillas and whether or not its attributes are changed).

However, the following najis substances do not make a small amount of water najis:

1- What is indiscernible by the eye such as fine spray.

2- Dead creatures without flowing blood (Such as flies, bees, ants, bugs, beetles, mosquitoes, and cockroaches) if they fall into the water of their own accord or because of the wind, or if they grow in it [Such as worms growing in water.

By the same token, worms growing in fruit, vingar and chease are also excused] , provided they do not change the water's attributes.

However, if these are thrown into the water (even by a child or an animal), or they are so many that the water's attributes have changed, then this water becomes najis regardless of whether it is a small or large amount of water.

Abu Hurayrah (G. p. H) narrated that the Prophet (P. B. U. H) said:

"If a fly falls into one's drink, he should dip it (in the drink) then take it out, for one of its wings carries disease and the other the cure".

[Al-Bukhari, Vol. 3, The Book of The Beginning of Creation, Chapter 17/3142].

It should be noted that the creature itself is najis because it is dead.

However, water does not become najis since it is difficult to keep these creatures away from water.

This rule, i. e. the purity of water into which a dead creature without flowing blood falls (except if it changes the water's attributes) is generalized to all liquids and foods due to the above hadith, and the fact that it is a widespread problem.

3- If a cat whose mouth has become najis is gone for a while and may have drunk from a large amount of water or running water, then its mouth will not cause water to be najis. (pa: 21)

It should be noted that the cat itself is not najis, for Kabshah bint Ka'eb narrated: "That Abu Qatada entered her (house), then she mentioned something to the effect of:

I poured water for his wudu and a cat came to drink from it and he held the vessel for it until it finished drinking.

Kabsha said:

He saw me looking at him, and said:

'Are you surprised my niece?'

I said: 'Yes. '

He said: 'The Prophet (P. B. U. H) said: "They (cats) are not najis, they are of those who wanders about (your houses)".

[Al-NaSa'i, Vol. 1, page 55]

4- A little boy who soiled himself and then went away and is likely to have been cleaned and changed (by his mother for example).

5- Small amounts of the smoke of burned najasa, such zisjalla (cow manure).

6- Small amounts of the dust of sarjeen (sheep manure).

The dust of sarjeen does not even make wet body parts najis.

7- Vapors of najis materials except if they leave a trace such as a change in color, taste or smell.