1-Sexual intercourse, even without ejaculation (Inserting a vaginal suppository, the doctor's finger, or the examination tool during a gynecologic examination does not obligate ghusl as long as it does not cause ejaculation), whether or not there is a barrier (Such as a condom).
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet (P. B. U. H) said:
"When he (a man) sits between her four limbs and starts [When the tip of the man's penis touches the woman's vulva] (to perform sexual intercourse with her), then ghusl becomes obligatory".
In another version:
"Even if he does not ejaculate," and in a version narrated by Aisha (G. p. H): "And the two private parts meet".
[Muslim, Vol. 1, The Book of menses, Chapter 22/87-88]
2-After mani [The Arabic term mani refers to both semen and the female sexual fluid, i. e. that which comes from orgasm, and both sexes are intended by the phrase mani wherever it appears below] is discharged regardless of the cause.
Abu Sa'id Al-Khadari (G. p. H) narrated that the Prophet (P. B. U. H) said: "Water (mani) necessitates water (performing ghusl)"
[Muslim, Vol. 1, The Book of Menses, Chapter 21/81]
Mani is identified by the manner by which it is emitted.
Allah (G. B. H) says:{He is created from a drop emitted,} [Al-Taariq: 6] which is the most common and consistent feature of mani, or by the sexual gratification that accompanies its emission and the listlessness which occurs after it.
Also, it can be identified by its distinctive smell, which is similar to that of palm pollen or dough, and when it dries, it is similar to that of egg-white.
Mani may lose some of these properties (it may become thin and yellowish) due to illness, it may come out without any lust or ecstasy, or it may become reddish because of too frequent intercourse.
Female sexual fluid can only be identified by the sexual gratification, the smell, or the listlessness which occurs after its discharge.
Ghusl, is obligated when ejaculation or orgasm occurs. (pa: 61)
It does not matter whether mani is emitted as a result of sexual arouSa'ior not, is accompanied by sexual gratification or not, is profuse or only a few drops, occurs while one is asleep or awake, or is emitted from a man or a woman, in all cases it requires ghusl.
Umm Salamah (G. p. H) narrated: "Umm Sulaym came to the Prophet (P. B. U. H) and said: '0 Messenger of Allah! Verily Allah (G. B. H) is not shy of the truth, is it necessary for a woman to perform ghusl after she has a wet dream?'
The Messenger of Allah (P. B. U. H) said:
"Yes, if she sees mani (discharge)"
(It can be understood from the hadith that a wet dream does not obligate ghusl if it does not cause ejaculation)
Umm Salamah said: '0 Messenger of Allah! Can a woman have wet dreams?'
The Prophet (P. B. U. H) said:
"Bless you! How else does her child resemble her"
[Muslim, Vol. 1, The Book of Menses, Chapter 7/32]
Ghusl is necessary after mani whether it comes from a sane or insane person, and whether it's emitted from its usual place or not as may be the case in some illnesses
(As in recto-urethral fistula)
If you wake up and find mani on your clothes, or in a bed in which nobody else sleeps, or in which someone under the age of puberty have slept, and you do not remember having a wet dream then you should make ghusl.
However, if you see mani in a bed in which someone else who is above the age of puberty sleeps, then neither of you must make ghusl, because it is not known from whom it came, yet, neither one of you should pray behind the other until both of you make ghusl.
It is recommended however, that both of you do make ghusl.
If someone makes ghusl after ejaculation and then has another ejaculation after a short while, he should make ghusl again.
If someone is not sure whether the discharge is mani or not, then he can choose whichever possibility he likes and work accordingly and he can revert from what he opted for to the other possibility.
It is safer to take into account both possibilities.
3- Death: The separation of the soul from the body.
Ghusl is obligatory for a dead Muslim only.
Washing the dead is a communal obligation (Is what the Lawmaker requires from the collectivity of those morally responsible, not from each one of them, such that if someone undertakes it, then the obligation has been fulfilled and the sin and responsibility (of non performance) is lifted from the rest, while if no one undertakes it, then all are guilty of serious sin for neglecting the obligation) (ford kifayd) on all Muslims.
Ibn Abbas (G. p. H) narrated: "While a man was with the Prophet (P. B. U. H)at Arafa, his camel threw him to the ground and he was trampled to death by it.
The Prophet (P. B. U. H)said: "Wash him with water and sidr [Type of tree] "
[Al-Bukhari, Vol. 2, The Book of lhsar and Penalty of Hunting, Chapter 32/1753]
A martyr should not be washed, for Jaber ibn Abdullah narrated about the martyrs of Uhud that: "The Prophet (P. B. U. H)ordered them to be buried with their blood (on their clothes) and he did not perform funeral prayer on them or wash them".
[Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1, The Book of Funerals, Chapter 74/1282]
Non-believers need not be washed but it is permissible to do so.